PELAKSANAAN PUTUSAN RESTUTIO IN INTEGRUM DALAM PERKARA PERDATA PERSPEKTIF MEKANISME EKSEKUSI DAN IMPLIKASINYA BAGI PARA PIHAK (Studi Kasus Putusan No.08/Pdt.G/2015/PN.Blt.)

Abstrak
Penelitian ini membahas pelaksanaan putusan Restitutio In Integrum
dalam perkara perdata melalui studi kasus Putusan PN Blitar No.
08/Pdt.G/2015/PN.Blt yang dikuatkan hingga tingkat Peninjauan Kembali No.
917 PK/Pdt/2019. Sengketa berawal dari lelang objek hak tanggungan oleh
kreditur melalui KPKNL dengan harga limit di bawah NJOP tanpa appraisal
independen. Majelis hakim membatalkan lelang karena melanggar asas
kepatutan dan Pasal 36 PMK No. 106/PMK.06/2013, sehingga para pihak harus
dikembalikan ke posisi semula (Restitutio In Integrum). Namun, putusan tidak
merinci mekanisme pelaksanaannya, memicu ketidakpastian hukum. Dengan
pendekatan normatif dan metode studi kasus, penelitian ini menganalisis
prosedur hukum ideal dan posisi hukum debitur, kreditur, serta pemenang
lelang pasca putusan. Hasilnya, pelaksanaan sukarela dianggap ideal, namun
eksekusi paksa menjadi solusi bila tak dijalankan. Putusan juga menyatakan
debitur tetap wajib melunasi utang, kreditur harus mengembalikan dana, dan
pemenang lelang berhak atas restitusi meski tak dianggap pembeli beritikad
baik. Penelitian ini menekankan pentingnya sinkronisasi antara substansi
putusan, mekanisme eksekusi, dan perlindungan hukum bagi pihak ketiga
untuk menjamin keadilan dan kepastian hukum.
Kata Kunci: Restitutio In Integrum, pelaksanaan putusan, lelang batal, eksekusi
perdata, perlindungan hukum
.
Abstract
This study examines the implementation of Restitutio In Integrum in civil cases, focusing on
a case study of Blitar District Court Decision No. 08/Pdt.G/2015/PN.Blt, upheld through
Judicial Review No. 917 PK/Pdt/2019. The dispute arose from the auction of a secured asset
by the creditor through KPKNL, conducted below the official property value (NJOP) without
an independent appraisal. The court declared the auction null and void for violating the
principles of propriety and due diligence, as well as Article 36 of Minister of Finance
Regulation No. 106/PMK.06/2013. As a result, the parties were to be restored to their original
positions (Restitutio In Integrum). However, the ruling did not detail the enforcement
mechanism, creating legal uncertainty. Using a normative legal approach and case study
method, this research analyzes the ideal legal procedures and the post-decision legal positions
of the debtor, creditor, and auction winner. The findings indicate that voluntary compliance
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is the ideal approach, reflecting legal awareness. If not carried out, forced execution through
court becomes the last resort. The ruling affirms that the debtor remains obligated to repay
the debt, the creditor must return the funds, and the auction winner is entitled to restitution
but is not recognized as a good faith buyer due to flaws in the auction process. The study
underscores the need for stronger alignment between judicial rulings, enforcement
mechanisms, and legal protection for third parties to achieve balanced justice and legal
certainty.
Keywords: Restitutio In Integrum, judgment enforcement, void auction, civil execution, legal
protection